{"id":1212,"date":"2005-02-07T22:44:18","date_gmt":"2005-02-07T22:44:18","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2010-10-01T20:26:50","modified_gmt":"2010-10-01T20:26:50","slug":"an-interview-with-bachir-saadi-chairman-ado","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ado-world.com\/en\/an-interview-with-bachir-saadi-chairman-ado\/","title":{"rendered":"An Interview with Bachir Saadi Chairman ADO"},"content":{"rendered":"



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<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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An Interview with Bachir Saadi<\/o:p><\/STRONG><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>
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Chairman of the Assyrian Democratic Organization’s Political Bureau<\/o:p><\/FONT><\/STRONG><\/SPAN><\/P>
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[Zinda: The following interview was carried by an Amuda journal staff on <\/SPAN>27 December 2004<\/SPAN><\/st1:date> with Mr. Bachir Saadi, chairman of the Assyrian Democratic Organization’s Political Bureau. <\/SPAN>ADO<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:City> stands as the largest Assyrian political organization in <\/SPAN>Syria<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> and in <\/SPAN>Europe<\/SPAN><\/st1:place>.]<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/FONT><\/P>
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<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/P>
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Q- Can you give the readers a historical background about the circumstances that led to the establishment of your Organization and the major phases it has gone through since its inception?

<\/SPAN><\/STRONG>Saadi<\/SPAN><\/B>: The establishment of the Assyrian Democratic Organization on <\/SPAN>the 15th of August 1957<\/SPAN><\/st1:date> in <\/SPAN>Qamishly<\/SPAN><\/st1:City>, <\/SPAN>Syria<\/SPAN><\/st1:country-region><\/st1:place> , came to fill a political vacuum and was a response to a political need that existed in the Assyrian political arena in the homeland and Diaspora and among all our communities. It was a challenge to the national frustrations and despair of the usefulness of any political activity in the aftermath of the first world war where about 500,000 of our people were massacred and many others were displaced from their homes at the hand of the Turks and their allies.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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The pre-foundation period in <\/SPAN>Syria<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> in the 1950’s is characterized with a great deal of democracy and political freedom. The conditions prevalent then gave opportunity to our people in <\/SPAN>Syria<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>, particularly in al-Jazire, to reorganize and establish its religious and cultural institutions following the massacres and the displacement. Hence, churches, with all their adjoining organizations, like sporting clubs, scouts, and cultural societies were founded. Moreover, some literary magazines were published, and others arrived from overseas. These publications, which came from North and south America, were imbued with the spirit of nationalism and called for national uplifting. Most important of these were The Syriac Assembly<\/SPAN><\/EM> (Aljameha) Magazine from Argentina, published by Farid Nazha, and before it, the Union<\/SPAN><\/EM> and Beit Nahrein<\/SPAN><\/EM> magazines published by Malfono (Master\/teacher) Naom Faieq. <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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Furthermore, the contributions of our pioneers, people like Naom Faieq , Ashour Yousef, Bashar Helmi Boraji, Sanhareeb Bali, Boaiel Warda, Fredoun Athoraia, the martyr Patriarch Mar Benyamen Shimmun, added to this, the heroic struggle of our people in the beginning of the 20th century against the tyranny of the Ottomans, to mention but few: The movement of the Hakkari Assyrians who joined the Allied Forces for the sake of establishing an Assyrian entity, and later on, the political struggle fought in the corridors of Paris Peace Conference in 1920, and the efforts of Bishop Afram Barsoum in Paris and London during the Paris Peace Conference, as well as the participation of six Assyrian delegations from Syria, Iraq, Iran, Russia and America to make their demands from the Allies, in the Peace Conference in Paris, international guarantees for our people\u2019s national rights on their homeland followed by the attempts exerted by the Assyrians in Iraq between 1920 and 1933 for the sake of our national rights in Iraq. All theses efforts played great role in shaping up a national political awareness amongst our young and educated people and prepared the political and ideological ground for them. This ideological ground paved the way for the formation of the first political national body in our modern history, based on ideas derived from the reality, the ideals and culture of our people. <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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Our Organization (ADO) has declared since its inception, democracy as a method, ideology , and practice, in its political process and internal activities. At a time when the political arena was swept by totalitarian ideologies and big projects that proved failure, the ADO demanded the recognition of the indigenous rights of the Syriac, Assyrian and Chaldean people, as well as their language and culture, and further the safeguarding of the political and cultural rights of these people within the framework of a sovereign national and unified state, it has moreover stressed the importance of building bridges between our people in the homeland and in Diaspora.

Q- Why did you call yourself an Organization and not a party?

<\/SPAN><\/STRONG>Saadi<\/B>: It was called an Organization because it is a literal translation from Syriac language. In Syriac we say \u201c mttakso\u201d which has the exact meaning of a ‘party’, so there is no difference between the two and the word ‘Organization’ fulfills all the objectives and the requirements of a party.

Q- What is the nature of your struggle and what are you struggling for?

<\/SPAN><\/STRONG>Saadi<\/B>: The nature of our struggle depends on the power of dialogue and language, rejecting all forms of violence, extremism. It further depends on the policy of ‘burning the phases’. The goals that we strive to attain are: a democratic, secular and diversified system based on justice, equality and human rights, a system that guarantees the right of all minorities, recognizes our rights as aboriginal people including the language and culture. Moreover, we aim at securing the political and cultural rights of our people within the framework of the unity and sovereignty of the state. We work to build a bridge between the homeland and Diaspora and utilize this in the national interest of our people. On the other hand ADO views the genocide perpetrated against our people by the Turks during the First World War that caused the death of half a million and the displacement of another half and the permanent loss of lands and property as well as religious and historical monuments, a crime against humanity. <\/SPAN>Turkey<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> should recognize this genocide and compensate our people for the losses, as well as guarantee their right of return to their lands with an apology from the Turkish government for the atrocities committed. Besides, we demand the European Union to make Turkish recognition of the Armenian Genocide as a prerequisite for its joining the EU.

Q- To what extent do you think ADO represents the various components of your people: the Chaldeans, Assyrians and the Syriacs? Do you represent only the Assyrians or the others as well? Is <\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/SPAN>ADO<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/st1:place><\/st1:City> the only operating one amongst the Assyrians?

<\/SPAN><\/STRONG>Saadi<\/SPAN><\/B>: <\/SPAN>ADO<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:City>, since its founding, was always made up of all the components of our people: the Syriacs, Assyrians and the Chaldeans. Our founding fathers were of various communities, and we believe that this representation is a source of pride and a criteria of credibility for any Assyrian national party. <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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As I have said ADO was the first political party and its ideology and experience prepared the ground later on for the formation of other parties that currently outnumber the need of national arena, and owing to the problem of denominations among our people, many parties with different Syriacs, Assyrians and Chaldeans names have emerged recently . As to us, we have tried hard since the mid-1970s to cooperate with the Assyrian parties. We called for the creation of a common national front policy, but it didn\u2019t work out because of the differences of visions.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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Nevertheless, in the beginning of the 1990’s we succeeded in concluding a common work program policy with the main Assyrian party operating in <\/SPAN>Iraq<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>, the Assyrian Democratic Movement. Then, in late 1990’s , in coordination with the Assyrian Democratic Movement, we formed an Assyrian Alliance with another three Assyrian parties: the Assyrian Universal Alliance, the Beith Nahrein Democratic Party and the National Assyrian Organization, which unfortunately did not last long . There are many other Assyrian parties with different Assyrian, Syriac or Chaldean names operating currently in the homeland and the Diaspora .

Q- It’s known that most parties in <\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/SPAN>Syria<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> whether inside or outside the Front (except for the governing AlBath party ) have suffered splits . Did your Organization go through such an experience? In your opinion, what are the direct and the indirect causes for such divisions? How do you deal with phenomenon such as this?

<\/SPAN><\/STRONG>Saadi:<\/SPAN><\/B> I think this is a natural phenomenon. It may happen to any political party or sect. They are the result of differences of opinions and ideas that emerge in the course of time, as well as the change in political, economic and social circumstances and how these changes are viewed by people. Moreover, they come as a result of the conflicting interests of the members of a party, a party, in the end, represents the overall interest of its members, political, economic and social. <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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The important thing here is the ability to deal with such differences and how to contain and find solution for them within the framework of the party’s mechanism and constitution. Generally speaking, whenever there is democracy and wisdom in a party, divisions decrease and vise versa. Instances of dissent increase when the party is in power and in cases of stability and calm, and becomes less in times of secret struggle and threats. As far as our Organization is concerned, we have gone through such dissents because some of our comrades in the leadership of various councils have put forward programs influenced by the revolutionary and unrestrained ideas, and consequently they were not able to propagate these ideas among the members. <\/SPAN>ADO<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:City> could not take in such radical and extremist views, so they quit and formed another political group which was doomed to fail.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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In 1970s, an extremist nationalist group emerged, but again they soon quit too and formed another political entity. Once again, in mid-1980s a condition for another split emerged but lasted for only 2 years and the Organization could contain it through dialogue and wisdom. Since then the Organization has not suffered any serious splits. There are always problems now and then especially in our branches in the Diaspora, but these are solved within the mechanism of the party, though they sometimes take much time and pains.

Q-Most splits are the results of conflict of power in the party. How does the transfer of power takes place in your Organization? Does it take place smoothly?

<\/SPAN><\/STRONG>Saadi<\/B>: Conflicts on positions is found everywhere and every time and this is something inherent in the human being. It happens even in the oldest democracies in the world and this is justifiable, because the person striving to seize power should bring with him his new vision and better programs for the party. Nevertheless, he should be ready to accept others as well with him in the top echelons. As long as he reaches there legally the opportunity would still be there waiting for him in the next election if he is able to convince the others of the soundness of his policies. As for us, we are used to transfer of power legally, and this takes places according to the constitution and the election mechanism within by-laws and general conventions, regular and exceptional ones . By the way, our Political Bureau has gone through 100% change, and our Central committee some 90% change. This change has affected the Secretary General’s position following the two last conventions . Furthermore, in the 10th convention we have decided that the Secretary General should hold his position only for 2 successive periods and then step down.

Q: What kind of relationship do you maintain with the political parties working in Syria, whether inside or outside the governing Front ?

<\/SPAN><\/STRONG>Saadi<\/B>: We have friendly relations with most Syrian patriotic and democratic parties. We continuously try to promote this relationship. We think that the best way for creating a real political life is by further strengthening this relationship on the basis of mutual respect, and acceptance of others who are different from us in their views and ideologies etc\u2026<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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At present we have good relations with the Democratic National Assembly, with Kurdish parties, whether Kurdish alliance parties or Kurdish Front parties , with the Syrian National Party, Committees for the Defense of Civil Societies, the Syrian Committee for Human Rights and with most independent politicians and intellectuals. We maintain good terms with both sections of the Syrian Communist Party and are trying to forge good relations with the ruling AlBaath Party . Regrettably , the latter has not opened up windows of dialogue with us so far; it is still following the policy of disregard and arrogance, the single positive attitude was sensed from their Hassake branch, was their representative\u2019s participation in the seminar held by us entitled the \u201cProblem of National Identity in <\/SPAN>Syria<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>\u201d. Nevertheless, unofficial dialogues are being conducted from time to time between us, and we understand from messages we receive that there is possibility of opening up with the other patriotic parties and that a new law regarding these parties will be put forward at AlBaath party\u2019s coming convention in June this year .

Q-What is the role of the church in the political life of your parties? Is it a kind of guidance and guardianship or sort of consultation and completion?

<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/SPAN>Saadi<\/SPAN><\/B>: The Church exercises a great influence on our people and this is due to the fact that the Church has always been a source of secular and spiritual guidance for our people . During the Ottoman rule it was the legal representative of our people through \u201c the religious sects\u2019 (Millet System)\u201c, and the \u201cNestorian” Church of the East played a major role in the political, spiritual and military life of our people, especially when the seat of the Ppatriarch was in \u201cQochanis\u201d in the mountains of Hakkari. This role relatively diminished in modern times as the power of the stat , the political parties and institutions increased. At present, the Church does not interfere with politics, but the relationship between the Church and the political parties is generally positive. <\/SPAN>ADO<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:City> maintains good relations with all churches and further considers them as cultural, social and religious institutions. It is the receptacle that contains our people\u2019s cultural , musical and linguistic heritage and we view it with respect and veneration.

Q-Until recently <\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/SPAN>ADO<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/st1:place><\/st1:City>‘s relation with most Kurdish parties was rather very limited and characterized with some apprehension and irritation. But in the last few years this has changed. The relation between you and some Kurdish parties reached a state of alliance during parliamentary elections. How did this relaxation happen?<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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Saadi<\/SPAN><\/B>: The feeling of apprehension has been built up throughout the history and was fed up by a condition of isolation and disconnection owing to the political stagnation, persecution and absence of democracy in the society. All parties suffered from this condition until the 1990 parliamentary elections, when president Haifz alAssad created a democratic opportunity for the independent candidates to run for the election without interference of the state. The result was <\/SPAN>ADO<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:City>‘s candidate and three other Kurdish candidates from Hassake won seats in the parliament. This was a good opportunity for <\/SPAN>ADO<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:City> and the Kurdish parties to get to know each other better. This cooperation was further strengthened between us in the successive local and legislative elections in 1991, 1994 and 1994, and we always try to keep it active and good . <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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In this connection our Organization sought hard, during Qamishly\u2019s events of <\/SPAN>12 March 2004<\/SPAN><\/st1:date>, to calm down the situation and reach a solution based on national political dialogue rather than one of security concerns. This stance by ADO and its initiative of forming a delegation made up of Christian community representatives, or calling for a common dialogue gathering with the participation of various components of the society helped a great deal to pacify the trouble in the region . <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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It is worth mentioning here that we view the Kurds as one of several components of the Syrian diverse society. They have the right to exist alongside other components: Arabs, Assyrians, Armenians and others. <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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It\u2019s particularly important to note here that since the arrival of president Bashar alAssad there has been a policy of relaxation and reform which has positively affected the progress of political movement in <\/SPAN>Syria<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> and this, in turn , has influenced everybody, including us. <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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Concerning the last part of the question, the best means of maintaining good relations between the Assyrians and the Kurds is, by possessing the political will and readiness to accept one another, not merely by uttering empty and false slogans and meaningless words but by turning them into action. The two sides must adopt moderation and keep away from extremism. They should realize that they are partners in this homeland which is the property of all its people. Further, they should not lock themselves in the past, rather take lessons from it to build their present and future.

Q-Concerning Qamishly\u2019s events on the 12 March 2004, in your opinion who was to blame? Were they planned? And how do you assess the role of the Kurdish front, on one hand, and the authorities on the other, in dealing with the events ?<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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Saadi<\/SPAN><\/B>: To me, the main reason lies in the inability to grasp the causes behind the tension in the football match played in Deir Azzor two weeks before the events between the football fans of AlJihad and AlFootwa. The authorities in this two cities should have closely followed the circumstances that triggered the frictions. We all know the impact of the situation in <\/SPAN>Iraq<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> on both teams. The cheers reiterated by Footwa’s fans along the streets of Qamishly before the match were portentous, so the authorities should have taken sufficient measures. Secondly, I think the firing of live shots by the police was not justified and was a grave mistake the responsibility of which falls on the authorities.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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I totally reject the theory of outside conspiracy, or that the events were preplanned . On the other hand, many mistakes were made by the Kurdish fans during the funeral procession the next day, by lifting Kurdish flags, chanting extremist Kurdish slogans, and sabotaging government buildings which triggered adverse reaction by the security forces. Generally speaking, the role of the Kurdish movement was moderate as they tried to calm down the situation. We felt the same thing on the part of the security forces. Our Organization played a constructive role in pacifying the situation .

Q-What is your opinion on the general situation in <\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/SPAN>Syria<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> and the prospect of democratization, human rights, and the establishment of the institutions within a civil society?<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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Saadi<\/SPAN><\/B>: I think the process of a peaceful transformation from one system to another without crises or losses takes time . We believe in the gradual change toward democracy according to a scheduled program of reforms that will involve all forces of the society including the state. Let these reforms be administered by the state, if it truly believes in the democratic transformation process. The initiative of President Bashar alAssad in his inauguration address about reform and development in <\/SPAN>Syria<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>, sent strong messages regarding the respect for diversity and for other people\u2019s opinions. This was encouraging and built up an atmosphere of optimism and high hopes that paved the way for a broad dialogue everywhere in <\/SPAN>Syria<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>. But regrettably, this openness, which was named the Spring of <\/SPAN>Damascus<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:City>, was called off.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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This was a grave mistake which created frustration in the political life. I am convinced that despite of the slowdown in reforms, they are coming, because the regime has no other option. Things can’t go on like this forever and the continuation of emergency and martial laws, marginalisation of the major political forces working in <\/SPAN>Syria<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>, denial of minorities\u2019 cultural rights, the state of governing Front\u2019s political parties (some of which have posts that outnumber their members) all these can’t go on for ever. The country is badly in need of a law regulating political life within the framework of legality. For all these reasons, I say that reforms will be coming soon, although we have to admit that some have already started but are far from expected. AlBaath party\u2019s convention is to be held in June 2005, and reforms are the main points on the agenda I suppose. Let\u2019s wait and see .

Q-Much has been said about the conflict of power in Syria between the old guards and the new generation represented by president Bashar alAssad as regards the implementation of reforms . It is said that the president is working hard to implement these changes, but this clashes with the personal interests of those who may eventually lose their positions or influence. What do you think about that?<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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Saadi<\/SPAN><\/B>: What is said in this regard are mere conjectures in my opinion. The president is on top of the political system. There are people whose interest run counter to the general reforms, these may be from old or new generations or both , they try to hamper any step in the direction of reforms, but I think that the regime\u2019s overall interest lies in pushing forward the process of reform without hesitation or cessation.

Q-What is your party\u2019s stand concerning pressures exerted on Syria by the US, France and others regarding Syria\u2019s policies in Lebanon, Iraq and the Palestinian issue, as well as issues of human rights, terrorism and others?<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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Saadi<\/SPAN><\/B>: As a political and patriotic organization<\/SPAN><\/EM>, we oppose all kinds of pressures on our country from whatever sides they may be. We further consider these interferences in <\/SPAN>Syria<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>\u2019s internal affairs as against the international law stipulated by the UN charter. Irrespective of our stand towards the regime and the internal policies, we think it is the duty of everyone to stand by their homeland against all outside pressures. At the same time, it is incumbent on the State amidst these difficult circumstances, to take the imitative and consolidate the internal Front by involving all the political forces in this domestic issue, and opening up windows of dialogue with all forces with a goal of reaching a common vision for the present and the future of the country. <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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Q – How do you assess the situation in <\/SPAN><\/STRONG>Lebanon<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> especially after the extension for president Lahood and the issue of withdrawal of Syrian troops as per resolution 1559 . In your opinion what is the outlet for this impasse ?<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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Saadi<\/SPAN><\/B>: The situation in <\/SPAN>Lebanon<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> , as a matter of fact, is connected to the civil war in <\/SPAN>Lebanon<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> and the Syrian troops went there in response to the request of the Lebanese government. The political future of <\/SPAN>Lebanon<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> and the withdrawal and redeployment of the Syrian troops have been decided in the Al Taif Agreement . The Syrian presence in <\/SPAN>Lebanon<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> played a great role in safeguarding the security and building up of the institutions and the army there. This was not accomplished without political and administrative errors that made a good number of Lebanese feel great resentment.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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Only a year ago, there was a general feeling of satisfaction both internationally and regionally about the Syrian presence there, but the American presence in the region, on one hand, and the isolation of <\/SPAN>France<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> on the other has changed the equation. Now the situation is completely different . I think , the best solution for this dilemma is holding a convention between the Syrian and the Lebanese side with the participation of all political forces in <\/SPAN>Lebanon<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>, with an aim of reaching an agreement and drawing up plans for the withdrawal of Syrian troops in order not to give the Americans an excuse for interference in our affairs .

Q-What is the nature of relationship between <\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/B><\/SPAN>ADO<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/st1:place><\/st1:City> and the Assyrian Democratic Movement (Zowaa)?<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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Saadi<\/SPAN><\/B>: The Assyrian Democratic Movement is the major Assyrian organization in <\/SPAN>Iraq<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> and our Organization has signed a policy of a mutually working relationship with it that depends on cooperation and coordination in all political and national aspects, with exception of the internal policies. This program is still working and getting stronger through involvement in the national issues. This does not mean that there are no mistakes, but by and large, this policy is considered a model of cooperation among Assyrian national parties.

Q-How do you view the patriotic and the national struggle and the linkage between them ? What is you position regarding the viewpoints that oppose and criticize the cooperation between two parties belonging to the same ethnicity but operating in different countries?<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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Saa<\/SPAN><\/B>di: I think there is a dialectical relationship between the patriotic and national struggle. As to our Organization, the relationship between the two was stressed in the 90ies. We think that people of the same ethnicity that due to political , historical and geographic factors were dispersed and spread over several countries, have the right to communicate and to sympathize with each other . In general, any two parties of the same ethnicity operating in different countries have the right to communicate provided that this wouldn\u2019t contradict with the policies of either countries where they are operating in. In fact it should be in the interest of that country .

Q-How do you see the condition of the Assyrians, Syriacs and Chaldeans in <\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/SPAN>Iraq<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> in general, and in the <\/SPAN><\/STRONG>Kurdistan<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/st1:place> region in particular?<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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Saadi:<\/SPAN><\/B> The number of our people in <\/SPAN>Iraq<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> has greatly shrunk due to the repression and tyranny they have suffered throughout the ages. Currently, they constitute only 5 % of the overall population in <\/SPAN>Iraq<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>. They, like others, have tasted the bitterness of Saddam\u2019s dictatorship. As a matter of fact, they tasted double bitterness, the political, ethnic and religious ones.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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As for those living in the Kurdish areas north of <\/SPAN>Iraq<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>, they have enjoyed relative political, cultural and religious liberties. However, many encroachments upon the properties, villages and arable lands of our people have taken place during this period, some of these are new, some old and date back to the Kurdish-Iraqi war in the 1960’s. There are still 185 villages in the hand of the Kurds. Of course, demands to reclaim these properties have not stopped. There are some promises made by Kurdish officials to return these properties to their owners. The last one was made by Nechirvan Barrazani and Mr. Barham Sallah; we hope this will come true soon

Q- Why so many of your organizations, especially those operating outside Iraq view the achievements the Kurds have accomplished with dissatisfaction and animosity , although the ChaldoAssyrians in the Kurdistan region have had many advantages and rights, such as teaching in their national language, celebrating their national and religious holidays, political freedoms, freedom of forming parties, unions, of representation in the government and the parliament etc.?<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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Saadi<\/SPAN><\/B>: I don\u2019t think there is animosity, but dissatisfaction, yes. This has a historical background. Firstly, the genocide perpetrated by the Turks in which the Kurds acted as an instrument since they were in a state of alliance with the Turks through their tribal semi-official system . Secondly, as we have mentioned above, there is still encroachment upon the properties of our people in <\/SPAN>North Iraq<\/SPAN><\/st1:place>, in addition to the extremist tendencies among some Kurds who are trying to implement a “Kurdification” policy in the region.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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On the other hand, there is a general widespread tendency now amongst our people including Assyrian Democratic Movement and many other AssyrioChaldean parties, which favors building good relations based on mutual trust and respect between the two nations.

Q-Concerning the name Iraqi Kurdistan, in your publications as well as in many other organizations, it is still called <\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/SPAN>North Iraq<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/st1:place> although Iraqi <\/SPAN><\/STRONG>Kurdistan<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/st1:place> has been included in the Iraqi interim administration law. Will you keep on denying this fact or things would change for you when this new reality will be included in the permanent Iraqi constitution?<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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Saadi<\/SPAN><\/B>: We, in <\/SPAN>ADO<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:City> view the history and facts then read and call the things accordingly . The region that our Kurdish brothers call <\/SPAN>Kurdistan<\/SPAN><\/EM><\/st1:place> or the Southern part of <\/SPAN>Kurdistan<\/SPAN><\/EM><\/st1:place>, we do not view it likewise . Of course, this is not meant a denial of their rights, but as a matter of fact, it is our interpretation of history, geography and facts . This region, except for the northern part of it, north of Shahrazour river, has been the center of historic <\/SPAN>Mesopotamia<\/SPAN><\/st1:place> and the cradle of the Assyrian civilization and State. The major cities here like Kirkuk, Arbel, Zakhoo and others are historically Assyrian, and until the beginning of the 20th century the area was called (al Mousel province ) and our people constituted 30% of the population. Moreover, the Syriac sources called the area ( <\/SPAN>Land<\/SPAN><\/st1:PlaceType> of <\/SPAN>Athoor<\/SPAN><\/st1:PlaceName><\/st1:place>) and sometimes (Nineva Plain), whereas the Persians called it (Marzbanet Athoor).<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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The neutral geographers did not call it <\/SPAN>Kurdistan<\/SPAN><\/EM><\/st1:place> . The well-known geographer \u201cYacout alHamoui\u201d called it \u201cAlJazire\u201d or \u201cAkor\u201d. So based on what we have shown, we don\u2019t call the region Kurdistan because it isn\u2019t so, not because of a prejudice against our Kurdish brothers as some may think, but because we see it in its real historic perspective. It is correct that Kurds form the majority of the population now, but that is because of firstly, the immigration of our people for very well known reasons and secondly, the high population growth rate among the Kurds. So Kurds have the right to these areas owing to their population ratio, as part of <\/SPAN>Iraq<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> politically, culturally and administratively, guaranteed by international conventions . <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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Similarly, we view the rights of Kurds in <\/SPAN>Syria<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> and particularly in Jazira . Some Kurdish intellectuals and parties call the area as <\/SPAN>Kurdistan<\/SPAN><\/EM><\/st1:place> or a part of it , but we say the opposite. Historically, it was a part of <\/SPAN>Mesopotamia<\/SPAN><\/st1:place>, the stage for the great Assyrians, and today it is a Syrian territory where Kurds, Arabs, Assyrians and Armenians live. It belongs to all of them and all have equal political, cultural and administrative rights in it as their homeland.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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As for the possibility of changing our mind when the permanent Iraqi constitution is issued and the area officially is renamed <\/SPAN>Kurdistan<\/SPAN><\/EM><\/st1:place>, we say, our stand will not change as regards the name. I think, the same applies to Kurds who still call some villages and towns whose names had been changed by the authorities, by their old names, we think they have the right to do so, and this is the right thing .

Q- Now my question is about the ongoing argument among the different components of the Christian people ; Chaldeans, Assyrians and Syriacs etc\u2026 about the naming that would satisfy every body and unify them amidst current difficult circumstances in Iraq. Do you think that a unified name would eventually fulfill the expected union? Are the differences amongst the various factions bigger than a common name would unify ?<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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Saadi<\/SPAN><\/B>: First of all , it is wrong to call our people in <\/SPAN>Iraq<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> the Christians<\/SPAN><\/EM> . There are more that one billion Christians in the world spread over hundreds of nationalities . Our people are the descendant of the Sumerian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Chaldean and Aramaic civilizations. <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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As a matter of fact, our people with their various denominations, know well that their national origin is one, and the name of their common language is Syriac . They further know that all these names whether Assyrian, Chaldean, or Aramaic are historic ones which are shared by all of them and belong to everyone. Furthermore, what happened last year in <\/SPAN>Iraq<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> before elections illustrates clearly that the unity of our people is more important and urgent than the problem of the names. Between 22 and <\/SPAN>24 October 2004<\/SPAN><\/st1:date> the representatives of all political, cultural and ecclesiastical institutions of our people met in a conference in <\/SPAN>Baghdad<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:City> and agreed upon one composite naming \u201cChaldoAssyrian\u201d, and the \u201cSyriac\u201d for language and tradition, and this name was officially approved in the Iraqi Administration Law. There are exceptions to this rule especially those who do not want to see our people unified or those who don\u2019t know the history of their people.

Q- No doubt the mass emigration of your people from their homes in the Middle Eastern communities , due to policies of religious and racial persecutions, has considerably reduced its presence especially in <\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/SPAN>Iraq<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> , <\/SPAN><\/STRONG>Syria<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> and <\/SPAN><\/STRONG>Lebanon<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>. Its influence on the political life and elections has weakened to a certain degree. Doesn\u2019t this hamper your ambitions and greatly diminish your political representation and influence in the respective countries ?<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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Saadi:<\/SPAN><\/B> You are right that we have lost much of our electoral power due to mass emigrations. For instance our presence in <\/SPAN>Iraq<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> is currently not more that 5% of the overall population. In <\/SPAN>Turkey<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>, the situation is more tragic, only two thousand live in the South-East, out of one million before the First World War, this no doubt, constitutes a real problem for us whether in <\/SPAN>Iraq<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>, <\/SPAN>Syria<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> , <\/SPAN>Lebanon<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> or <\/SPAN>Iran<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> . On the other hand, our people in the different countries of Diaspora feel a strong affinity with the homeland and that they are an inseparable part of it and dream of the day that they would be able to return again .

Q- How did you deal with the murder incident of two Assyrians in Hassaka committed by the sons of Fawzi alRadee and its aftereffects: burning of some stores, demonstration in front of the governor’s residence and the arrests made by the authorities of some Assyrians? Are there any similarities between this incidence and the one that happened on <\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/SPAN>12 March 2004<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/st1:date> regarding the causes and the reactions of the authorities ?<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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Saadi<\/SPAN><\/B>: The atrocious crime committed by the sons of Fawzi alRadi in Hassaka on 16 October 2004 that led to the death of two of our people, the first one Ibrahim Nassim Abed Alahad, murdered by Raad and his brother Mudar, a major in the public army, against the backdrop of a very simple argument. The second person was Yalda Youkhkana, who was at home and upon hearing the shot came to the scene of murder to help the injured but was killed cold-bloodedly too. This atrocious crime shook everybody \u2013both Muslims and Christians – in Hassaka and was condemned by everyone . This in itself was a true spontaneous reaction . The public opinion was that the murderers should be brought to justice and no effort should be made to excuse or mitigate the crime throughout intermediaries and pressures<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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In a meeting held on 25 October 2004 at the Orthodox Syriac Bishoprics center headed by prelate Hanna Rohem and included beside representative of all Christian communities, delegates from Shamar, Jeboor and alBAkara tribes, the conclusion was reached that the murderers’ family should be moved from the quarter where the murder took place and where the families of the victims live. <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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Regrettably, the authorities did not carry out what had been agreed upon by the Council and the murderers’ family keep on inciting and provoking the feeling of the two families as well as the neighbors until now. The Governor has assigned guards to protect the assassins’ family day and night. This action by the Governor led to great frustration and resentment among our people and a feeling that the authorities are not serious in dealing with this problem. Added to this, the false statement made by the Governor to “al Hayat” newspaper in which he intentionally falsified the facts and described the murder as an accidental incident, as though trying to find excuses for the heinous crime, this distortion further deepened the feeling of frustration and bitterness amongst our people.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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ADO<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:City> issued a statement summing up our position and calling for calm . We further held the authorities responsible for the after effects of the incident, and called for the release of our young people put in jail on charges of setting fire to the murderers\u2019 house and taking part in the demonstration. Regrettably these young people were beaten in the police custody and their testimonies \u2013which they later denied in before a judge -were extracted under torture. They are being held in a military prison and tried in a military court.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>
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As to your question, whether there is similarity between this incident and the one that took place on <\/SPAN>12 March 2004<\/SPAN><\/st1:date>, I say, yes – there is . There has been administrative and security mistakes. The Governor declared that he gave orders to fire live shots on the demonstrators if they dared to come closer to the Governrate’s building. If one or two angry demonstrators went closer, a tragedy would have happened . Nevertheless, we think that it is everybody\u2019s duty to contain the aftereffects of the incident which left deep scars behind. Moreover, the authorities should derive lessons from it and learn how do be fair and deal with such incidents with wisdom and farsightedness rather than delay and leave matters for the time to heal the wounds.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P><\/p>\n



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\n7-2-2005 <\/SPAN>

\nܢܗܪܝܐ <\/SPAN><\/P>
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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

An Interview with Bachir Saadi Chairman of the Assyrian Democratic Organization’s Political Bureau [Zinda: The following interview was carried by an Amuda journal staff on 27 December 2004 with Mr. Bachir Saadi, chairman of the Assyrian Democratic Organization’s Political Bureau. ADO stands as the largest Assyrian political organization in Syria and in Europe.] Q- Can …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1212","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-syria"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ado-world.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1212","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ado-world.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ado-world.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ado-world.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ado-world.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1212"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ado-world.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1212\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ado-world.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1212"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ado-world.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1212"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ado-world.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1212"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}